The CRC establishes policies for the N.C. Coastal Management Program and adopts implementing rules for both CAMA and the N.C. Dredge and Fill Act. The commission designates areas of environmental concern, adopts rules and policies for coastal development within those areas, and certifies local land-use plans.

The CRC consists of 15 members appointed by the Governor. Twelve of the 15 members must have experience in a particular area of expertise, such as marine ecology, development or local government. Three members may be "at-large."

The Division of Coastal Management, in the Department of Environment and Natural Resources, provides staffing services to the CRC, implements CRC rules and issues CAMA permits.